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Prunella vulgaris

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Prunella

heal all, heal-all, selfheal

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs from a caudex or short rhizome.

Stems: Stems erect, decumbent, or occasionally prostrate, sometimes rooting at the nodes, 1–5 dm long, villous–puberulent, sometimes glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, 2–9 cm long, 0.7–4 cm wide. Apex acute. Base broadly cuneate to truncate. Surfaces sparsely scabrid. Margins subentire to remotely crenulate. Petioles usually 1–2 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2–5 cm long, usually ca.1.5–2 cm in diameter, bracts suborbicular to very broadly ovate, usually 7–10 mm long, apex abruptly short-acuminate, margins ciliate. Calyx bilabiate, narrowly funnelform, green or purple, 7-10 mm long, irregularly 10–nerved, upper lip broad, shallowly 3-toothed, lower lip deeply cleft into 2 narrow teeth, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, bilabiate, blue or violet, occasionally pink or white, 8-16 mm long, contracted at throat, tube often exserted beyond calyx, pilose, with a ring of hairs within, upper lip galeate, entire or subentire, lower lip shorter, 3-lobed, lateral lobes deflexed, median one concave, margins crenulate; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, ascending under the galea, lower pair longer, scarcely exserted beyond corolla tube, aligned with the sinuses; anther sacs divaricate; anthers dithecal, on an expanded connective, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, placentation basal-axile; style 1; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 1-seeded; brown; oblong-ovoid; glabrous; apex rounded; ca. 1.8 × 0.9 mm; slightly 1-furrowed. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 21; 28; 32; 42; 56

Habitat: naturalized in usually mesic; disturbed areas; especially pastures and along streambeds in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 820–2,260 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 600 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:828 (Mo, M, H); Uehara s.n. BISH 53835 (Mo†, 1961)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Prunella vulgaris Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau District OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
2 Prunella vulgaris Kipahulu Valley, Haleakala National Park Preserved_Specimen Russell, C.A. 544 Maui BISH 1984-03-02
3 Prunella vulgaris Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, near Site 22 OS Open healthy forest. Soil a moderately deep, well drained ash over an unknown substrate. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp., Pelea clusiifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana & Clermontia spp. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-19
4 Prunella vulgaris Piihonua Ahupuaa, E slope of Mauna Kea along Wailuku River, SE of Puu Oo Tr. Transect 22, Station 3. Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1617 Hawaii BISH 1977-12-15
5 Prunella vulgaris East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 888 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
6 Prunella vulgaris Waikamoi trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2620 Maui BISH 1920-06-25
7 Prunella vulgaris Kailua-Kona Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1962-02-02
8 Prunella vulgaris Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1092 Maui BISH 1967-03-29
9 Prunella vulgaris Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-01-01
10 Prunella vulgaris Molokai Preserved_Specimen Uehara, S. Molokai BISH 1961-04-11
11 Prunella vulgaris East Maui, Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 223 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
12 Prunella vulgaris Makawao, Olinda Common in grassy pasture. Moist place. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Hosaka, E.Y. 1684 Maui BISH 1937-01-15
13 Prunella vulgaris 50 m E of Hosmer's Grove Rocky, mesic Metrosideros-dominated narrow ravine. Preserved_Specimen Dense stand of plant in certain areas, flowers purple. Higashino, P.K. 614 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
14 Prunella vulgaris South Kona; Kealakekua In moist pasture Preserved_Specimen Flower purple. Hosaka, E.Y. 1470 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-05
15 Prunella vulgaris Keauhou Ranch. TK-K Growing in depressed moist area with Hydrocotyle verticillata and grasses. Metrosideros open scrub, tall Styphelia, to 10 ft. Old pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Davis, J. 209 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-31
16 Prunella vulgaris Makawao District, Haleakala, Haiku-Uka Trail Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white; bracts red. Fosberg, F.R. 9885 Maui BISH 1933-08-18
17 Prunella vulgaris East Maui, upper East end of Auwahi Remnant dryland sclerophyll forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5471 Maui BISH 1984-10-07
18 Prunella vulgaris Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau District Side of skid trail in disturbed closed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Herb, 1 1/2 ft. tall. Flowers purple. ESP Field Crew 94 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-06
19 Prunella vulgaris Keauhou Ranch (T-KI), Kau district Side of skid trail in distubed closed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Small herb less than 1 ft. tall. Flowers purple ESP Field Crew 101 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-07
20 Prunella vulgaris N outer slope of Haleakala, 1.5 miles N of Paliku Cabins In heath scrub near Puu Alaea; with Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sadleria, Deschampsia, Holcus etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3660 Maui BISH 1969-06-22
21 Prunella vulgaris Olinda, Haleakala Ranch, Makawao Common in grass pasture. Moist place. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Hosaka, E.Y. 1684 Maui BISH 1937-01-15
22 Prunella vulgaris Haleakala Crater, Paliku In wet grass by cabin. Common in crater in wet and dry places. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21256 Maui BISH 1945-09-01
23 Prunella vulgaris Kipahulu Valley, On right side (NE) of Kipahulu Valley bottom Along rocky stream bank. Common ground cover locally. Preserved_Specimen In Flower. DeWreede, R.E. 26 Maui BISH 1967-08-19
24 Prunella vulgaris Kahua Ranch Growing in a rainforest with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron and Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Harada, C. Hawaii BISH 1987-08-21
25 Prunella vulgaris Makawao, Haleakala Branch Station. Kula, Haleakala Abundant in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Hosaka, E.Y. 2478 Maui BISH 1939-04-11
26 Prunella vulgaris East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, above Wai Anapanapa on ridge trail Under Deschampsia & Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 269 Maui BISH 1973-06-29
27 Prunella vulgaris Kealakekua, Kona (Baybrook) In pasture. Moist place. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Hosaka, E.Y. 1470 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-05
28 Prunella vulgaris East Maui, Haleakala, common in the crater, Paliku Preserved_Specimen Herb one and a half ft. high; grows in clumps; flower purple; 4 almond-shaped seeds to each flower. Olson, G.E. 9 Maui BISH 1936-11-12
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